Determinants of material footprint in BRICS countries: an empirical analysis

This paper explores the relationship between renewable energy consumption, urbanization, human capital, trade, natural resources, and material footprint for BRICS countries from 1990 to 2016. We apply cross-sectional dependency test check correlation among cross-section. Then, we use second-generation panel like CADF CIPS stationary in series. After that, go cointegration test, i.e., Pedroni Westerlund cointegration, know long-run of variables. The results reject null hypothesis no variables accept cointegration. indicate that economic growth, energy, urbanization have reduced environmental quality case employed measure degradation. However, foreign trade capital improve quality. Based on empirical results, study recommended some important policy suggestions achieve sustainable development countries.